Understanding breast cancer and its treatments

 Breast cancer is a type of cancer that forms in the cells of the breast. It can affect both men and women, although it is far more common in women. Understanding breast cancer, its causes, risk factors, and available treatments is crucial for early detection and successful management.

Breast cancer begins when cells in the breast start growing uncontrollably. It can occur in different parts of the breast, such as the ducts that carry milk (ductal carcinoma) or the glands that produce milk (lobular carcinoma). Breast cancer can also be invasive, meaning it has spread to nearby tissues, or non-invasive, confined to the original location.

Risk Factors

Several factors can increase the risk of developing breast cancer including:

• Gender: Women are at a higher risk than men.
• Age: The risk increases with age.
• Family History: Having close relatives with breast cancer can increase your risk.
• Genetics: Mutations in certain genes, like BRCA1 and BRCA2, can significantly raise the risk.
• Hormone Exposure: Long-term exposure to estrogen, through factors like early menstruation or late menopause, can increase risk.
• Radiation Exposure: Previous chest radiation can be a risk factor.
• Obesity: Being overweight or obese can increase the risk, particularly in postmenopausal women.

Common Symptoms

Detecting breast cancer early is vital for successful treatment. Common symptoms of breast cancer includes:

• A lump or thickening in the breast or underarm.
• Changes in the size, shape, or appearance of the breast.
• Unexplained pain in the breast or nipple.
• Nipple discharge, other than breast milk.
• Skin changes on the breast, such as redness or dimpling.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing breast cancer involves a combination of methods, including a physical examination, mammography, ultrasound, and biopsy. Mammography is a vital tool for detecting breast cancer in its early stages.

Treatment Options

The choice of treatment for breast cancer depends on several factors, including the type and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. Common treatment options include:

1. Surgery: This can involve removing the tumour (lumpectomy) or the entire breast (mastectomy).
2. Radiation Therapy: High-energy X-rays are used to kill cancer cells or prevent them from growing.
3. Chemotherapy: Medications are used to kill cancer cells throughout the body.
4. Hormone Therapy: This is often used for hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer and blocks the effects of estrogen on cancer cells.
5. Targeted Therapy: Drugs target specific molecules involved in cancer growth.
6. Immunotherapy: Modulating the body's immune system to fight cancer cells.

Understanding breast cancer, its risk factors, and the importance of early detection through regular screenings is crucial. With advancements in medical science, there are various effective treatment options available, and many women and men diagnosed with breast cancer go on to live long, healthy lives. If you suspect any breast abnormalities or have risk factors, consult with a healthcare professional for appropriate screenings and advice on prevention and early detection.

Dr. Pushpak Chirmade Cancer Center

info.vashi@drpushpakchirmade.co.in

Contact +91 93727 66965